Examples of this include pressure oxidation (POX) of sulfide ores and concentrates, high-pressure acid leaching (HPAL) of nickel laterites, and wet-air oxidation of organics. Both batch and continuous reactors are available at …
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Pressure oxidation (POX) is an effective method for base metal extraction and a pretreatment of refractory gold ores. A residue from pressure leaching of chalcopyrite concentrate was collected and investigated for gold recovery and deportment of metals. A comprehensive mineralogical analysis and gold deportment study were conducted using techniques including …
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Outotec can deliver the 3 main oxidative processes for the treatment of refractory gold concentrates – BIOX, pressure oxidation, and roasting – and also supply equipment for ultra-fine grinding as a fourth, non-oxidative …
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With the global depletion of ores containing high gold content and low arsenic levels, pressure oxidation (POX) under acidic conditions becomes the preferred option for pre-treating …
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A large refractory gold orebody (RGO) containing arsenopyrite was discovered in ... This ruled out pressure oxidation and roasting as development options. They would agree to fine grinding and cyanide leaching ... The crushed ore is then crushed in KHD high pressure grinding rolls (HPGR) before being sent to the ball mills for further size ...
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Download scientific diagram | High Temperature Pressure Oxidation from publication: EVALUATING PROCESS OPTIONS FOR TREATING SOME REFRACTORY ORES | A significant contemporary challenge for gold ...
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High-pressure oxidation processes are difficult to carry out, because they require high-capital cost autoclaves. Atmospheric-pressure oxidation processes are easier to manipulate, but complete …
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Gold is a scarce strategic metal, which is widely used in gold jewelry, currency reserves, and high-tech industries (Seisko et al., 2020).It plays an irreplaceable role in national economic and social development (Yilmaz et al., 2020).According to US Geological Survey data, the amount of gold resources identified in the world is 89,000 t, while about 30% of the gold …
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High temperature pressure oxidation (>190°C) is a wellrecognized and versatile metallurgical oxidative pre-treatment process commonly used to liberate gold from refractory sulfide ores and concentrates. The pressure oxidation of refractory gold ores was first commercially applied in 1985, at Homestake Mining Company's McLaughlin mine in the United …
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The use of acidic pressure oxidation in refractory gold ore with a high carbonate content, ... (15% sulfides), followed by high-pressure acid oxidation and cyanidation. The POX stage occurs with continuous feeding of a flotation concentrate slurry in an autoclave at 225°C, an oxygen overpressure of 3.8 bar, and a residence time of 1 hour. ...
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As such total pressure oxidation (POX) leaching under acidic conditions is the preferred option for the pre-treatment of refractory gold ores and concentrates with higher As content (1–10 wt%) due to various processing and environmental benefits (Adams, 2016; Filyanin and Vorobev-Desatovskiy, 2014; Fletcher, 2012; Frostiak and Haugard, 1992 ...
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Pressure oxidation (POX) is a well-established method for processing sulphide material containing refractory precious and base metals . POX typically takes place in a horizontal multi-compartment agitated pressure vessel at a temperature of …
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TABLE 1 Pressure Oxidation (acidic) Refractory ore processing projects Processing Rate Pro~ect Country (approx.) Goldstrike USA 1500 t/d ore McLaughlin USA 3000 t/d ore Getchell USA 3000 t/d ore Sao Bento Brazil 240 t/d cone. ... Increasing the oxidation to high levels may lead to only a marginal improvement in gold recovery, which would not ...
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Pressure oxidation (POX) leaching has been commercially applied to refractory gold ores since the 1980s. In the process, sulphide material is oxidized and dissolved in order to release the gold ...
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Au extraction (%) from simultaneous pressure leaching and oxidation at a pressure of 0.5 MPa and 6 g/L cyanide concentration. Cont. Process variables and parameters for simultaneous pressure ...
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ABSTRACT. Pressure oxidation (POX) leaching has been commercially applied to refractory gold ores since the 1980s. In the process, sulphide material is oxidised and dissolved in order to release the gold encapsulated in the sulphide matrix, making the gold available for …
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Even if you gold is "refractory" in pyrite or arsenopyrite, you can still get much value from ... Atmospheric or Low Pressure Oxidation before going to classic CIL. This last more costly option is commonly known as POX or High Pressure Oxidation for the most difficult refractory gold ores. David September 2, 2013;
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High temperature (200–230 °C) acid pressure oxidation leaching of metal sulfides was first commercialized in the 1950's. However, the more recent commercial success of medium temperature pressure oxidation of zinc sulfide concentrates and high temperature pressure oxidation of refractory gold ores and concentrates has contributed to renewed interest in the …
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Basic iron sulfate – a potential killer in the processing of refractory gold concentrates by pressure oxidation. Miner. Metall. Process. ... J.C. Gathje Iron reduction in copper leach liquors using controlled precipitation of sulfate species during high temperature pressure oxidation of base metal ores. Iron Control Technol. (2006) C.K. Gupta ...
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Many recent research activities on pressure oxidation of refractory gold ore focuse more on the control of the autoclave operation. There is a lack of a systematic study on the gold distribution in the solid discharge. ... High Temperature Pressure Oxidation of Ores and Ore Concentrates Containing Silver Using Contolled Precipitation of Sulfate ...
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Combined Bacterial and Pressure Oxidation for Processing High-Sulfur Refractory Gold Concentrate. ... (POX) are widely used to pretreat refractory sulfide concentrates and increase gold extraction ...
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The successful commercialization of a pressure oxidation (POX) process for recovering metal values, including gold, copper, zinc, nickel and molybdenum, is the result of a carefully planned development program. The initial task involves developing one or more conceptual flowsheets, including the POX autoclave and downstream purification and recovery …
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Oxidation of sulfides from a thermodynamic point of view is feasible over the entire pH range. Since 1985, acidic aqueous pressure oxidation has been used commercially (Berezowsky, 1984,1989). Acidic pressure oxidation of pyritic gold ore requires treatment temperatures between 160° to 210° C and pressures of up to 400 psig.
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ACID PRESSURE OXIDATION OF REFRACTORY GOLD MINERAL CARRIERS G.P. Demopoulos and V . G . Papangelakis Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering McGill U n i v e r s i t y, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2A7 ABSTRACT Acid pressure oxidation is c u r r e n t l y strongly advocated as the most e f f e c t i v e pre treatment method f o r r e f r …
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High Pressure Oxidation (HPOx): Refractory ores where gold is contained within sulphides, such as pyrite or arsenopyrite, can be chemically oxidised to enhance gold recovery. Oxidation is carried out in an autoclave at temperatures of 180 …
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The pretreatment of gold ores before cyanidation is a challenging problem due to the world's annual huge waste of refractory gold minerals. Generally, the leaching of gold by cyanidation without any pre-oxidation causes an extraction lower than 90%. In recent decades, a variety of treatment and pretreatment methods have been used to increase the recovery of …
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Biological oxidation, chemical oxidation, pressure oxidation, and roasting oxidation are now using for the pretreatment of refractory gold concentrates (Li et al., 2009; Su et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2019), among which the pressure oxidation is the most promising (Zhang et al., 2016b). The other alternative is to search for non-cyanide lixiviants.
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Boduen et al. suggested a dual approach of bacterial oxidation and pressure oxidation for high-sulfur refractory gold concentrate treatment. The first group of gold concentrate was subjected to direct cyanidation leaching. The second one was leached after STRB. The third one was leached after POX.
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Another notable advancement was the commercialization of high pressure acid leaching (HPAL) in 1956 by Freeport Nickel, a subsidiary of Freeport Sulfur, ... The first refractory gold pressure-oxidation plant commissioned was at the Homestake McLaughlin operation, CA, USA, in 1985 and served as the pioneering installation for whole-ore (acidic ...
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The typical processes that the autoclave is used for include pressure oxidation (POX), high-pressure acid leaching (HPAL), pressure alkaline leaching (PAL), and pressurized precipitation. Hydrometallurgical pressure …
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