The objectives of this work are: (i) to examine the thermal behaviors of antimony and arsenic oxides under various roasting conditions; (ii) to elucidate the significant influence …
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It is determined that 700 °C and 120 min are the best experimental conditions for enriching antimony trisulfide. The volatilization rate of antimony trisulfide reaches 95.35% and the purity is 99 ...
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The main methods of processing antimony raw materials [7]. Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 58, 5, 223 990 The production of metallic antimony from crudum and sulfide concentrates containing at least 30 % - 65 % antimony is carried out by precipitation melting at
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A low-temperature and sulfur-fixing smelting process was applied to separate antimony from stibnite. The results show that the direct recovery rate of Sb is 90% (mass fraction), and the grade of ...
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However, the volatilization of the main metal antimony was also reduced by approximately 80 % because the generated Al-As compound covered the volatilization surface of the melt. Herein, vacuum distillation theories such as saturation vapor pressure, the theoretical maximum volatilization rate of antimony and some impurities, the mean free path ...
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special furnace methods [8−9], and 3) electrolysis of a solution containing the metal in sodium sulphide [10−13]. Volatilization roasting−reduction smelting is mainly used to produce antimony from sulfide ores and concentrates. In this process, antimony sulphide is volatilized and then oxidized into antimony xide (Sb2O3) in a rotary kiln
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However, in the presence of oxygen, antimony can be volatilized efficiently as valentinite (Sb2O3) at low oxygen concentrations (approximately 1 to 5pct) at approximately 1173K to 1223K (900°C to ...
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Antimony release and volatilization from rice paddy soils: Field and microcosm study Jaime N. Caplettea, ... quantitative method (18.1 ± 5.2 to 217.9 ± 160.7 mg ha −1y ). We also investigated the in fluence of two common rice agriculture practices (flooding and manuring) on Sb release and volatilization in a 56-day microcosm experiment ...
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The fate of antimony (Sb) in submerged soils and the impact of common agricultural practices (e.g., manuring) on Sb release and volatilization is understudied.
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The present application relates to a method for obtaining antimony xide (Sb2O3), arsenic xide (As2O3) and metal lead (Pb) from a mineral containing predominantly antimonite. The first step begins with a process of oxidative roasting of the sulfide mineral in rotary ovens, at a controlled temperature close to 500°C, to oxidise antimony xide and arsenic xide and …
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A more efficient method uses a reverberatory furnace and continuous liquation, however a reducing atmosphere must be provided to prevent oxidation of antimony sulfide and loss by volatilization. The oxide volatilization process to recover additional antimony usually treats the residue, containing 12–30% antimony.
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Antimony sulfide is susceptible to volatilization and oxidation, so it can be used to produce crude antimony xide at a temperature above 1,200 °C. The powdery crude …
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The primary step in antimony extraction is roasting stibnite ore to produce antimony xide (Sb₂O₃), followed by reduction using carbon or iron. Refinement can involve volatilization or electrolysis. For higher-purity antimony, …
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Although these methods result in high purity, ... The effect of pressure (0.1–200 Pa) on efficiency of arsenic volatilization and antimony removal is shown in Fig. 12. Argon was introduced to control the system pressure. It can be seen that the condensation zone is 45 cm long; the temperatures at the 0 and 40 cm positions are 748 K and 334 K ...
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Normally, the smelting methods of antimony ores can be divided into two categories: pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy. Pyrometallurgy smelting of antimony is mainly by volatilization of roasting-reduction, while sodium sulfide and hydrochloric acid leaching system are the main methods in hydrometallurgy.
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antimony is stibnite (Sb 2 S 3) and jamesonite (Pb 4 FeSb 6 S 14) [3-5]. The traditional method for the production of antimony is volatilization smelting followed by reduction smelting [6-7], which consists of two steps: oxidative volatilization of Sb 2 S 3 and reducing smelting of Sb 2 O 3 [8-9]. The reduction smelting is relatively mature and ...
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Antimony is classified as a critical/strategic metal. Its primary production is predominated by China via pyrometallurgical routes such as volatilization roasting—reduction smelting or direct reduction smelting. The performance of most of the pyro-processes is very sensitive to concentrate type and grade. Therefore, technology selection for a greenfield plant …
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Current production techniques of high-purity antimony include chemical processes (e.g., with antimony pentachloride), physical methods (e.g., distillation), or chemical-physical combination processes.
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This paper proposes vacuum distillation as a technical method for preparing antimony sulfide from heterogeneous antimony sulfide ores. The volatilization rate of antimony sulfide was measured at 5 Pa pressure. Temperature and time effects on antimony sulfide enrichment were discussed. The results highlighted that the critical volatilization ...
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A new clean process for preparing high purity antimony trisulfide directly from antimony ore by a two-step vacuum distillation method at low temperature was proposed in …
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In a word, if the volatilization degrees can be reached the above volatilization degrees, η removal and η residual are both higher than 60 %, which the productive rate of purified Sb matrix metal is relatively acceptable in the actual production process. Therefore, the volatilization degrees of 36.50 %, 35.95 %, and 38.44 % are the optimal ...
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Straight well stove volatilization roasting method is to be fuel with the coke, is raw material with the antimony sulfide, utilizes the easy volatile of antimony, and volatile substances such as antimony, arsenic, lead are become gaseous state, enters cooling, dust collecting system with furnace gas, thereby realizes separating the stibium xide that obtains purifying with …
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This method was never validated, but the authors reported that only 51% of the antimony was recovered from the traps [69]. Recently, a method developed originally for volatile arsines was used to ...
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In the second approach, or continuous methods, antimony samples are submitted to procedures without physical separation of sample fractions. These methodologies have an advantage over discontinuous methods because the possible risks of loss and/or contamination are avoided. ... This method demonstrated that the chemical volatilization of ...
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The addition of carbon caused mainly volatilization, with some reduction, of Sb2O3 and reduction of Bi2O3 to occur at nearly the same temperature, approximately 600 °C. However, volatilization of Bi was not …
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This paper proposes vacuum distillation as a technical method for preparing antimony sulfide from heterogeneous antimony sulfide ores. The volatilization rate of antimony sulfide was measured at 5 Pa pressure. ... The volatilization of antimony sulfide was relatively flat within 773 ∼ 823 K, with a volatilization rate of 21.18 %. At 873 K ...
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KEY WORDS : Antimony Oxide, Arsenic Oxide, CaO-SiO2-FeO1.5 Slag, Volatility, Vapor Pressure, Transpiration Method 1．Introduction Volatilization of the antimony and arsenic components in fused oxides is of great concern in production of metals as well as treatment of secondaries such as residues, dusts and ashes
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Electrodeposited antimony can be treated with sulfuration–volatilization technology, which causes antimony to volatilize in the form of antimony sulfide. During this process, gold is enriched in the residue, …
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The current processes for producing high-purity antimony include electrolytic refining, chlorination-distillation-reduction, straight-pull purification, and regional smelting [10].Among these processes, the electrolytic refining method can produce 4 N antimony; however, electrolysis conditions are harsh, and the process produces the highly toxic gases AsH 3 and …
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Antimony(V) is volatilized by reaction with potassium bromide in concentrated sulfuric acid media. After volatilization, the gases can be transported to an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer for atomic emission of antimony and its analytical determination. The influent factors, concentrated sulfuric acid volume, concentration and volume of the potassium bromide …
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Validation and deployment of a quantitative trapping method to measure volatile antimony emissions ... Microbial-mediated Sb volatilization is a poorly understood part of the Sb biogeochemical cycle. This is mostly due to a lack of laboratory and field-deployable methods that are capable of quantifying low-level emissions of Sb from diffuse ...
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The traditional treatment method of antimony minerals is the smoke method [8,9]; this is because antimony–gold ore contains gold and other minerals, ... Process flow chart of electrodeposited antimony sulfide volatilization and enrichment of gold. The experimental device was a dual-temperature-zone tube furnace, produced by
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The volatilization rate of antimony sulfide increases rapidly with the increase of distillation temperature. When the temperature rises to 1073 K, the volatilization rate rises to 0.879 g cm −2 •min −1, and the volatilization rate increases by 4.37 times. The volatilization rate of antimony sulfide is more sensitive to distillation ...
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Herein, a novel mathematical and statistical method is applied to the kinetic study of vacuum gasification of noble-antimony alloys. The evaporation rates of pure and noble antimony in a unit time at 823–1023 K and 5–600 Pa are determined using a vacuum differential gravimetric furnace, and their respective evaporation mechanisms under vacuum are analyzed in detail in …
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Therefore, converting As(V) to the more volatile As 2 O 3 while suppressing the volatilization of antimony presents a challenge for the pyrometallurgical process. ... In this study, we conducted an in-depth investigation of a progressive low-temperature volatilization control method for effectively separating As and Sb from flue dust.
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Mo-tang and Gui-zhong proposed the BF volatilization-smelting route for the production of crude antimony oxide and antimony-copper matte to prevent the deportment of …
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Antimony (Sb) is classified as a priority pollutant of interest by the EU and the US-EPA (CEC, 1998).The World Health Organization recommends Sb concentration to be below 20 μg L −1 in drinking water (WHO, 2003).Major sources of Sb contamination in soils, sediments, and waters are ammunition (e.g., shooting ranges), mining, smelting, and coal combustion …
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