The emphasis is given on the biodiversity of microbial community and the factors affecting heap bioleaching. The cost of bio heap leaching in respect of some existing commercially operating heap bioleaching plants is also included. Application of chalcopyrite bioleaching in heap/dump leach processes can potentially result in lower cost and ...
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Heap bioleaching of chalcopyrite: Current practice. The basic engineering approach (also practiced today) used dumping of large sized boulders or rock of low grade copper ore that was irrigated with dilute sulfuric acid to encourage the growth of acidophilies (mainly the iron oxidizing microbes) (Brierley, 2008, Pradhan et al., 2008; Rawlings ...
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Successful heap bioleaching of low-grade chalcopyrite ores has remained elusive. While the exact mechanism of ferric leaching of chalcopyrite (in both the presence and the absence of microorganisms) is still under much debate [5], [6], [7], a clear explanation why certain microorganisms appear more successful than others in this process has ...
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However, heap leaching technology has yet to be demonstrated on a large scale for the bioleaching of chalcopyrite ore. In heap and dump leaching of run-of-mine chalcopyrite ores, relatively rapid leaching rates decrease as a function of time and overall copper recoveries seldom exceed 50%. Nevertheless, there are processing and economic reasons ...
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Equipment flow diagram for heap bioleaching of chalcopyrite ore. principally favour the development of acidophilic Acidithiobacilli and Leptospirilli. Aeration in such processes can be passive, with air being drawn into the reactor as a …
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Current scenario of chalcopyrite bioleaching: a review on the recent advances to its heap-leach technology Bioresour. Technol., 196 ( 2015 ), pp. 694 - 706, 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.064
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Application of chalcopyrite bioleaching in heap/dump leach processes can potentially result in lower cost and reduced environmental impact in copper production. you …
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Commercial bioleaching uses heap and in-situ leaching with controls on pH, temperature, oxygen and carbon dioxide to optimize the slow natural process. ... Metals like iron, copper, and uranium are leached from pyrite, chalcopyrite, and uraninite ores respectively using these mechanisms. Bioleaching is a simple, inexpensive process to extract ...
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In the current scenario, heap bioleaching is the most advanced and preferred eco-friendly technology for processing of low grade, uneconomic/difficult-to-enrich ores for copper …
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Sustainable copper from nature-based alchemy Nuton, a Rio Tinto venture, is deploying nature-based bioleach technologies set to unlock copper resources while pursuing a Positive Impact ambition. Together with our partners, we aspire to transform the industry and redefine the future and legacy of mining. We will deliver Positive Impact: Giving back more than we take […]
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Heap bioleaching can be operated in batch or recycling mode (i.e. the bioleached solution with microbe and metabolite is recycled again to column). Hence keeping in mind at what mode the heap is supposed to be operated, column bioleaching can be operated in the same mode. ... Chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂), Chalcocite (Cu 2 S), Pyrite (Fe 2 S), Quartz ...
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In the chalcopyrite bioleaching experiments, 20 mg L −1 Tween® 20, 10 and 20 mg L −1 Tween® 80, 5 and 10 mg L −1 Plurafac® LF 600 inhibited microbial growth, therefore only permitting abiotic leaching of the copper mineral. The final copper recovery in the presence of these surfactants was lower than abiotic control, potentially ...
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A model for heap bioleaching of chalcocite with heat balance: Mesophiles and moderate thermophiles. Hydrometallurgy (2007) ... To improve chalcopyrite bioleaching and enhance its biological dissolution, many biological strategies have been tested such as assessment of different temperature regimes during bioleaching (Hedrich et al., 2018), the ...
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7 Conclusions. The present review provides the current information on bioleaching studies for chalcopyrite with particular emphasis to heap bioleaching. In-depth molecular understanding of the biomining microorganisms and their diversity in heap bioleaching systems will tremendously improve the existing knowledge.
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Heap bioleaching of low grade chalcopyrite (CuFeS 2) was carried out in 1000 tons scale over a time period of 383 days. Bacterial solution was prepared and re‐circulated in …
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Several strategies have been proposed to increase the bioleaching of chalcopyrite, such as using photocatalysis through enhanced reduction of Fe 3+ to Fe 2+, with the latter serving as the substrate for microbes [27,28]. However, these methods are difficult to utilize in the practice of chalcopyrite bioleaching, especially in heap bioleaching.
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industrial leaching rate of chalcopyrite heap bioleaching is lower. This paper described the development status and industrial test of chalcopyrite heap bioleaching technology. The …
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In the bioleaching field the literature has very few efforts focused on modelling of jarosite formation. However, one such example is an interesting modelling study by Linklater et al. (2005), which discusses a heap bioleaching operation where pyrite is leaching using oxygen as the main oxidant. Linklater et al. (2005) treat jarosite formation ...
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In the current scenario, heap bioleaching is the most advanced and preferred eco-friendly technology for processing of low grade, uneconomic/difficult-to …
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Three of the processes introduced above have made great strides in solving these problems for the extraction of copper from chalcopyrite: The GEOCOAT™ Process - A heap leaching process that is capable of bioleaching copper concentrates. It does this by coating the concentrate slurry onto a support rock, or substrate material, and stacking this coated material in a bioxidation heap.
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Different strategies for heap bioleaching of chalcopyrite are studied by . Panda et al. [ 57 ] provide a review on chalcopyrite leaching with particular emphasis on heap bioleaching. A brief introduction to the modelling of bioleach processes is given by Petersen [ 58 ] and Gebhardt et al. [ 59 ] give an overview of the leach kinetics of ...
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The bioleaching experiments revealed that in the absence of SL, the bioleaching rate of chalcopyrite was slower at the initial stage, and it was accelerated after a period of 12 days. Conversely, when SL was introduced during the bioleaching process, the bioleaching rate of chalcopyrite was a significant acceleration within the first 6 days.
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Chalcopyrite is one of the major raw materials for the fabrication of copper and its compounds, and is the richest and most widely found copper mineral in nature, with about a 70% proportion of the world's known copper reserves (Kartal et al., 2020, Panda et al., 2012, Yang et al., 2020, Yang, 2015).The Cu 2p photoelectron spectra and Mulliken population of …
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Heap leaching — particularly heap bioleaching — is a proven technology that economically and efficiently extracts copper from low-grade ore (Petersen, 2016, Watling, 2015). The passivating behavior of chalcopyrite in acidic sulfate media has been investigated and is still debated by many researchers ( Hackl et al., 1995, Dutrizac, 1982 ...
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For the heap bioleaching of chalcopyrite, the need to preserve heat in the heap becomes yet a further parameter of critical importance. For the heap leaching of uranium ore a choice is required between either chemical or bacterial oxidation, based on economic and processing factors. Frequently the operating
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Ammoniacal lixiviants dissolve up to 95% of chalcopyrite-hosted Cu at surface reaction-controlled rates under mildly alkaline pH with Cu 2+ as oxidant, but evaporate at prohibitive rates in heap conditions. Hypochlorites are the only novel lixiviant studied that performs comparably to baseline ferric chloride without very high reagent and ...
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In this paper, in order to give some inspirations for industrial heap bioleaching of chalcopyrite, feasibility study is conducted from bacteria, ore characteristics and process …
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Thermophiles have been shown to be the only micro-organisms to leach chalcopyrite successfully. Heap leaching may be a feasible alternative to conventional bio-reactors, …
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In the current scenario, heap bioleaching is the most advanced and preferred eco-friendly technology for processing of low grade, uneconomic/difficult-to-enrich ores for copper …
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Insights into heap bioleaching of low grade chalcopyrite ores-a pilot scale study. Hydrometallurgy (2012) D. Dreisinger New developments in hydrometallurgical copper ore and concentrate leaching (2019) T.W. Gonzales et al. Comparison of Smelting Technologies, Copper 2019 Conference, 2019, Vancouver, Canada
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Petersen J, Dixon DG (2005) Competitive bioleaching of pyrite and chalcopyrite. In: Harrison STL, Rawlings DE, Petersen J (eds) Proceedings of the 16th international biohydrometallurgy symposium (IBS 2005), Cape Town, pp 55–64. Google Scholar Petersen J, Dixon DG (2006) Modelling and optimisation of zinc heap bioleaching.
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