This may be an alternative treatment route for gold room applications where fine gold losses can occur when treating gravity concentrates with pyrite and copper sulphides present. Floating gold from the sulphides could produce a directly smeltable product. Copper sulphides are selectively floated from pyrite ores at high pH's in excess of 11.
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However, the treatment of so-called refractory gold ores using cyanidation is problematic and new solutions are needed due to the constant depletion of easy-to-treat gold ores [1,3]. ...
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The treatment of refractory copper ores by the segregation process— E. T. Pinkney and N. Plint 41 In treating calcitic and dolomitic ores, the first question is the possibility of the formation of …
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Typically, gold is encapsulated or finely disseminated in refractory gold ores and the direct cyanidation is not effective for gold extraction from these ores, even after the ore is ground to exceeding small particles (Nazari, 2017, Corrans and Angove, 1991).Especially for sulfide refractory gold ores, in order to recover gold, many oxidation pretreatment technologies were …
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The segregation process has been known for many years and applied industrially for the treatment of various refractory copper ores. The principles of the process are briefly reviewed; the process was tested in the laboratory on two copper-cobalt oxide ores from Gecamines, Shaba Province, Zaire. Various parameters of the process, such as segregation temperature, dosage …
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copper–gold ores: A dithiophosphate collector at an alkaline pH must be used (controlled by lime or soda ash if the pyrite content in the ore is low). Oxide copper–gold ores: ... which can be accomplished by applying pre-treatments to the refractory ores/concentrates prior to leaching. Some refractory gold ores present unique challenges ...
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Demonstration of economic treatment options allows gold companies to maintain and increase their ... options for treating more complex orebodies as the less refractory ores become depleted. ... (and Luzonite) is a common copper-arsenic mineral that can be a significant gold carrier. Other less common are chalcopyrite and other sulphides and ...
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The nanosecond HPEMP treatment showed promising results in the treatment of gold refractory ores due to high efficiency and selectivity in the disintegration of mineral complexes. ... Flotation behaviour of gold during processing of porphyry copper-gold ores and refractory gold bearing sulfides. Minerals Engineering 10: 895–908.
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Molleman E, Dreisinger D (2002) The treatment of copper–gold ores by ammonium thiosulfate leaching. Hydrometallurgy 66(1-3):1–21. Article Google Scholar Aylmore MG (2001) Treatment of a refractory gold-copper sulfide concentrate by copper ammoniacal thiosulfate leaching. Miner Eng 14(6):615–637
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Herein, to improve the leaching rate of copper, an enhanced leaching test of refractory copper oxide ore from Luanshya was conducted using CaF 2 as a leaching aid. The effects of the sulfuric acid dosage, CaF 2 dosage, time, and temperature on leaching were also studied. The CaF 2-enhanced leaching of cupriferous biotite and phlogopite was theoretically …
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Some of the innovative flotation practice.~, are discussed. 0 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd KeyworiJs Gold ores, flotation depressants, flotation collectors, mineral processing E47RODUCTION The flotation characteristics of gold or gold minerals found in porphyry copper ores and in refractory sulphide ores hai,e not been described in detail in the ...
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Gold telluride ores are important gold refractory ores due to the presence of sulfides and other gangue materials. The classification and main physical properties of gold telluride ores were described, and possible treatment methods including flotation, leaching, and oxidation were reviewed. The results show that flotation procedures are much easier for gold …
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Copper–gold ores form a type of refractory gold ore. Large quantities of this ore type are available for processing. Cyanide treatment of ores with a high cyanide soluble copper to gold ratio is unfavourable due to high cyanide consumption resulting from the formation of copper–cyanide complexes.
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The present study provides an overview of the challenges and opportunities in processing complex gold-copper ores. The systematic literature review was conducted using Scopus database and seven ...
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Refractory gold reserves, which require more sophisticated treatment methods in order to achieve oxide-ore recovery rates, correspond to 24 percent of current gold reserves and 22 percent of gold resources worldwide …
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Copper segregation developments within the Anglo American Group are described with particular reference to the work of the TORCO Project Team. Some radical differences have been adopted in the mechan-ical approach as compared with methods used by previous workers. Most important among these are the following: (1) The heating unit is a fluidized-bed roaster. (2) A …
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Breuer, P L, Dai, X and Jeffrey, M I, 2005. Leaching of gold and copper minerals in cyanide deficient copper solutions, Hydrometallurgy, 78(3-4), 156-165. Bulatovic, S M, 1997. Flotation behaviour of gold during processing of porphyry copper-gold ores and refractory gold-bearing sulphides, Minerals Engineering, 10(9), pp 895–908.
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Project TORCO is the code name given by Anglo American Corporation of South Africa Limited, to the investigation which was undertaken in Zambia to develop a plant capable of treating large tonnages of copper-bearing ores by the segregation process.
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The primary purpose of this review paper is to present the hydrometallurgical processes that currently exist in the mining industry for the treatment of silver, copper, and gold ores, as well as ...
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Oxidized copper ores are exhibiting increasingly their importance as copper resources as worldwide high grade copper sulfide deposits become depleted. Extensive …
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Probably the most important differences are the following: (1) The heating unit is a fluidized bed roaster which provides efficient heat transfer and which also permits roasting of any copper …
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In refractory gold-bearing concentrates, the gold metal is generally contaminated and encapsulated either in a sulfide matrix or in quartz, while the efficiency of the extraction of gold is low due to the structural/chemical characteristics of the concentrates itself [].Refractory concentrates, which have gold in the form of fine inclusions in sulfides, contain 30% of the …
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When the slag was roasted at 650 with 1% NaC1 and 3% coke more than 90% of the copper was recovered. Slag with an initial copper content below 1% cannot be treated by the conventional TORCO (Treatment of refractory copper ores) process with sodium chloride as a chloridizing agent.
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In a paper on treatment methods for refractory gold-bearing ores (Iglesias and Carranza 1994), bioleaching is mentioned as a pre-treatment based on the action of bacteria (mainly Thiobacillus ...
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2.1 Materials and reagents. All the reagents used in the experiment, such as sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4), nitric acid (HNO 3), copper sulfate (CuSO 4), sodium thiosulfate (Na 2 S 2 SO 3), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), were analytically pure, and the water used in the whole experiment was deionized water with the electrical resistivity of 18.5 MΩ*cm.. The refractory …
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In this regard, nitric acid can be also used to readily destroy the gold-bearing phases such as pyrite and arsenopyrite and recalcitrant silver sulphides in refractory gold and silver ores ...
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During the present authors testing of the segregation of Santa Rosalia (SR) copper ore, sulphide copper rather than metallic copper was found to precipi- rate on coal particles. The present work reports the results of investigations on the optimization of segregation conditions for the SR ore and the results of the identification of segregation ...
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Research has been undertaken relating to the treatment of copper-gold ores, as well as to the lowering of the effects of copper-cyanide complexes. Some of the processing options include [25,26]: (1) Ore Segregation Technologies Metals 2020, 10, 897 8 of 11 Separating high-copper-containing ores selectively prior to the leaching process is an ...
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Gold particles in an ore deposit will vary in size from large nuggets to particles locked in the crystal lattice of sulfide minerals. These sulfide minerals are referred to as gold carrier minerals and contain trace to minor amounts of gold (Taggart, 1927, Chryssoulis and Cabri, 1990).Often it is found that gold ores are refractory due to the small size of the gold …
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The segregation process has been known for many years and applied industrially for the treatment of various refractory copper ores. The principles of the process are briefly reviewed; the process was tested in the …
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The pretreatment of refractory gold ore is a complex chemical process. In addition to the oxidation of pyrite, some side reactions also occur. The phase changes of refractory gold ore before and after pretreatment are shown in Fig. 11. The main phases of refractory gold ore include quartz (SiO 2), pyrite (FeS 2), and dolomite (CaMg(CO 3) 2 ...
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The conventional treatment of copper–gold concentrates involves smelting, converting, and electro-refining to produce a copper-cathode product. The conventional treatment of copper–gold concentrates does elicit some compelling reasons to seek an alternative hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of concentrate values.
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Chloride and thiosulfate may find their uses in the treatment of refractory ores, however, such as complex copper ores (Dreisinger Citation 2005; Zhang and Senanayake Citation 2016), or carbonaceous preg-robbing ores in …
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Refractory gold evaluation testwork services. Refractory gold ores generally contain sulphide minerals, and as such, a primary flotation stage is the obvious choice to concentrate the sulphides into a smaller mass for downstream pre-treatment prior to …
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Oxidizing-roasting of the ore at a temperature of 800°C results in the formation of copper oxides. By segregating the ore thus oxidized with the addition of 1% NaCl and 1.5% …
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Numerous researchers have explored various methods to enhance the leaching rate of copper from cupriferous mica or other refractory copper oxide ores. These methods include …
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