The available data for thallium indicate that acute and chronic toxicity to freshwater aauatic life occur at concentrations as low as 1,400 and 40 Ug/1, respectively, and would occur at lm'ler …
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The procedure was also applied to determination of thallium in two different certified reference alloys, BCR No. 288 and CRM 5406-90, with thallium concentration of 2.3 ± 0.1 and 45.8 μg g −1, respectively. The amount of thallium in BCR and CRM were found to be 2.31 ± 0.09 and 45.7 ± 0.05 μg g −1, respectively. These were in agreement ...
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Thallium sulfate was once used as an ant and rat poison.[2][3][4] The occupational limit for thallium skin exposure is 0.1 mg/m3 for 8 hours a day. ... The standard method for measuring thallium concentration is a 24-hour urine test, analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Although hair, saliva, and feces testing have ...
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The results showed that there was a significant correlation between Tl concentration and FeOOH-MnO 2 concentration (r = 0.559, p < 0.001; Fig. 3). ... Thallium concentrations and sources in the surface sediments of Bohai Bay. Mar. Environ. Res., 73 (2012), pp. 25-31. View PDF View article View in Scopus Google Scholar.
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The concentration of thallium measured by atomic absorption spectrometry in whole blood in 320 children in New Jersey ranged from undetectable (<5 μg/L) to 80 μg/L, with a mean concentration of 3.0 μg/L. Approximately 80% of the children showed no detectable thallium in the blood, whereas 17.5% had blood thallium levels between 5 and 20 μg ...
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Thallium concentrations used for calibration were 257 ng/g for BCR-2 and 267 ng/g for AGV-2. A BHVO-1 value of 38 ng/g was determined by the LDEO measurements, in good agreement with previous literature ( Table 1 ).
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of total activity is not less than 98 percent Thallium Tl 201 with not more than 0.1 percent Thallium Tl 200, not more than 1.2 percent Thallium Tl 202; not more than 0.2 percent Lead Pb 203, and not more than 0.3 percent all others. The concentration of …
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Thallium nitrate [TlNO 3 or NO 3 Tl] weighs 5 556 kg/m³ (346.84975 lb/ft³) [ weight to volume | volume to weight | price | mole to volume and weight | mass and molar concentration | density] Thallium oxide [Tl 2 O or OTl 2] weighs 9 520 kg/m³ (594.31418 lb/ft³) [ weight to volume | volume to weight | price | mole to volume and weight | mass ...
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In our study population, mean plasma thallium concentration among KTR was 0.11 µg/L, which is evidently lower than the upper limit of the normal concentration of 2.5 µg/L suggested by the World Health Organization, and slightly lower than the mean thallium concentration in a previous study of 350 healthy Italians .
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conducted and the chronic value was 130 ~g/l (Table 2). The acute-chronic ratio for this species is 7.0. An embryo-larval test has been conducted (U.S. EPA, 1978) with the fat head minnow and adverse effects were observed at the lowest tested thallium concentration of 40 ~g/l (Table 2). Kimball (Manuscript) also conducted an
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Some algae are able to concentrate thallium by a factor of 127 to 220 within one hour; in comparison, the concentration factors of 2.7 hours exposure were 114 for lead, 30 for cadmium, 80 for zinc, and 313 for copper.
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Thallium (Tl) is a non-essential rare element extensively distributed across the upper earth crust with concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 2 mg kg −1 (Belzile and Chen, 2017; Kabata-Pendias, 2000).In rock and soil, Tl can be hosted by various minerals.
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K 2 O, Rb, Cs, Ba and Cu contents are from previous studies (Guo et al., 2012; Guo et al., 2015a). Download: Download high-res image (142KB) Download: Download full-size image; Fig. 6. Thallium concentration and thallium isotope characteristics of phengites and their host eclogites from Ganghe and Hualiangting.
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Thallium sulfate and thallium hydroxide will likely partition to. water vapor. Water: Thallium levels in groundwater are <1 ppb. It has been detected in drinking water at. concentrations as high as 7.2 ppb. Thallium compounds are generally soluble in water. Thallium may partition from water to soils and. sediments. Sediment and Soil: Thallium ...
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Introduction Thallium is a highly toxic metal, with most publications demonstrating poisoning from thallium salts. We report on a patient with elevated serum and urine thallium concentrations from an intentional ingestion of elemental thallium purchased from the internet for self-harm. Case Report The regional poison center was contacted about an 18-year-old man …
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Experimentally, thallium concentrations of 0.0001 to 2.5 mg/litre substrate increased the concentration in the shoots of the grass Lolium perenne from < 0.075 mg/kg dry weight to 144.05 mg/kg and in the roots from 0.42 to 576 mg/kg (Al-Attar et al., 1988). The distribution of thallium also varies in different vegetables.
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Synonyms vary depending upon the specific soluble thallium compound. Light-gray to tan powder with a slightly aromatic odor. Results are provided for the presence and amount …
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The article integrates insights into the cytotoxic effects, genotoxic potential, and molecular mechanisms of thallium in mammalian cells. Thallium, a non-essential heavy metal present in up to 89 different minerals, has garnered …
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Tl at a dose of 4 mg thallium/kg as thallous sulfate showed high thallium concentrations in bone tissue, kidney (particularly in the medulla), pancreas, and large intestine approximately 1 hour after dosing (Andre et al. 1960). Thallium levels in bone decreased after ≥10 days, ... (0.16–5.2 mg thallium/min/kg) (Rade et al. 1982). The
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The thallium gradients along the axial distance of two CsI:Tl crystals with 0.2 mol% starting concentration of Tl, showing the effect of adding 0.1 mol% Sm 2+. The LeadTracer™ has also proven to be useful in measuring the gradient radially across a cut crystal.
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thallium concentration. The obtained results are shown in Table 2. It can be observed that the thallium concen-tration in the water of both rivulets is significantly higher (20–30 times) than a typical level in surface water in Poland (Lukaszewski et al. 2010). Thallium in soils and sediments Thallium participates in the formation of certain min-
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Measurements of the concentration of thallium in seawater collected from numerous ocean locations ranged from 12 to 16 ng kg −1.Variations between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, between the northern and southern hemispheres of the Pacific Ocean, and between surface and deep waters of both the Pacific and Atlantic oceans were comparable with the …
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1 2 Thallium concentration and thallium isotope composition of 3 lateritic terrains 4 5 Howarth, S.1,2*, Prytulak, J.1, 3, Little, S. H.1, Hammond, S. J.4, Widdowson, M.5 6 7 1Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK 8 2National Oceanography Centre, School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of 9 Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK.
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For example, approximately 8 µg/g of Tl in a gypsum-rich mixture of lithium mica smelting by-products (accounting for about 33% of the total Tl content in the mixture of residues) rapidly dissolves in acidic leachate within 2 h [106]. Thallium concentration in the leachate from some lithium-ion batteries were found to be up to 7.86 mg/L [107].
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Thallium was discovered by William Crookes in 1861 via spectral analysis of residues from a sulfuric acid plant (Crookes, 1861; Nriagu, 1998; Viraraghavan and Srinivasan, 2011).With an atomic number of 81 (electron configuration: [Xe]4f 14 5d 10 6s 2 6p 1) and a relative atomic mass of 204.3833, Tl is the heaviest element in the Group IIIA.The atomic …
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the revised IDLH for soluble thallium compounds is 15 mg Tl/ m3 based on acute oral toxicity data in humans
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Thallium is released into the biosphere from both natural and anthropogenic sources. It is generally present in the environment at low levels; however, human activity has greatly increased its content. Atmospheric emission and deposition from industrial sources have resulted in increased concentrations of thallium in the vicinity of mineral smelters and coal …
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Thallium concentrations in hair were 8.2 μg/g in samples taken on day 19, 16.4 μg/g in samples taken 3 months after exposure, 13.4 μg/g in samples taken 5 months after exposure, and nondetectable in samples taken 7 months after exposure. The blood thallium concentration was 190 μg/l on day 19 and nondetec
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The thallium concentrations in samples A1, A3, B2, and B4 were 0.80, 0.38, 0.10, and 0.13 μg L −1, respectively. Notably, thallium was detected in the river samples. Although thallium concentrations were below the limit of quantification of the method for the other six samples analyzed (A2, A4, A5, A6, B1, and B3), the LOD of the proposed ...
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Thallium concentration in 2 months' kale leaves fertilized with NPK and compost were 55.0 and 41.4 mg kg −1, respectively, whereas in red chicory leaves Tl concentrations were 0.71 and 0.34 mg kg −1 (Table 2, Fig. 3). These results indicate that the hypothesis that NPK fertilization could quench Tl uptake by plants was not verified.
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A FeN vs. E was calculated from curves l and 3 in Fig. 4(a). The corresponding thallium coverage was calculated from 0TI = FTI/FTI.m where Fxl is the equilibrium thallium ~urface concentration measured by tl'.2 radiotracer method [45] and FTi.m = 15.5 p, mol m-2 is the surface concentration corresponding to a thallium close-packed monolayer.
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Notably, Pb 2+ ion concentration approximates the thallium concentration found in ZnSO 4 electrolytes. Predominantly, Pb manifests as Pb(Ⅱ) free ions when the pH remains below 7. However, beyond a pH of 8, it transitions to lead hydroxide (Pb(OH) 2) precipitates. In the context of the acidic milieu inherent to Zn hydrometallurgy, elements ...
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Confirmation of elevated Tl concentrations in blood, urine, or hair is indispensable for diagnosing Tl poisoning. The kidneys show the highest Tl concentration within 24 h after ingestion, while …
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The CDC notes that thallium blood concentrations are normal below 2 micrograms/liter, but toxic at more than 200 micrograms/liter. Lethal doses of thallium in humans are 10-15 milligrams per kilogram. Treatment and Management. Effective, prompt treatment and management of thallium toxicity is vital to avoid severe or life-threatening complications.
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In a population living in the vicinity of thallium emission into the atmosphere, the mean urinary thallium concentration was 5.2 μg/L ± 8.3 μg/L, with a range of 0.1-76.5 μg/L.
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The normal total blood thallium concentration is under 2 μg L −1, and concentrations greater than 100 μg L −1 are toxic (Lansdown 2013). Concentration of thallium in human body organs increases in the following order: 0.42–1.5 ng g −1 (brain) < 1.5 ng g −1 (liver) < 6.1 ng g −1 (kidney) < 7–650 ng g −1 (hair), <0.6 μg g −1 ...
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Thallium, with an average concentration of approximately 5 mg/kg, is a metal that is present in the outermost layer of the Earth and is considered a nonessential component for organisms (Xiao et al., 2004).While thallium has a long history of use as an insect repellent and poison additive, it is now primarily utilized in a wide variety of medical imaging techniques, …
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Thallium (Tl) is a trace metal widely existing in various natural environments. The average concentration of Tl in the Earth's crust is 490 μg kg −1, with the majority of Tl encountered in potassium minerals, like micas, biotite, and K-feldspars.Due to its chalcophile properties, Tl is also enriched in sulfides, such as pyrite and sphalerite (Turner et al. 2013).
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Variation among individuals in the decrease of thallium in hair between 2.6 and 4.2–4.5 months after exposure suggested individual differences in thallium loss from the hair. Maurice et al. [16] reported thallium concentrations in unwashed and washed hair samples from a thallium-poisoned person and found no significant effect of washing. They ...
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Thallium is a trace metal associated with copper, gold, zinc, and cadmium. Water concentrations of 1 to 88 parts per billion have been reported in rivers draining metal mining areas.
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