passivating film on the surface [3, 11-16]. Despite this, the nature of this film remains unknown, although it has been postulated that it must have low porosity and be a bad electricity conductor (Córdoba et al., 2008a). Various models were describing the mass transfer diffusion and chemical reactions on the chalcopyrite surface.
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Finally, based on these test results, the suitability of gravity concentration for chalcopyrite was evaluated. 3. Results and Discussion 3.1. Mineral Composition and Chemistry of the Sample Particle Size Characteristics. The chemical composition of the sample is shown in …
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A mixed mineral flotation test was conducted by manually mixing 1 g of chalcopyrite and galena and subjecting it to flotation testing at a pH of 8, TP concentration of 0 or 4 × 10 –4 mol/L, and SIX concentration at 4 × 10 –4 mol/L to evaluate the depressant ability of TP on galena during mixed flotation tests.
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A Review on Sputtered Chalcopyrite and Kesterite Thin Film Solar Cell☆ ... Dependence of the leaching rate of chalcopyrite on the concentration of the ferric ion. The quantitative expression of the effect of temperature for this case is indicated by the Arrhenius plot shown in Fig. 12.5 for the investigated concentrations of 1.0 of, ...
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While silicon solar cells are current market leaders in this respect, thin-film solar cells based on chalcopyrite, perovskite, and organic materials can be used to produce portable, flexible, wearable, and building-integrated …
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Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 films are used as absorber layers in chalcopyrite thin film solar cells. As the gallium concentration in the absorber can be used to control the band gap, there have been many efforts to vary the gallium concentration in depth to gain an optimum balance of light absorption, carrier collection, and recombination at different depths of the absorber film, …
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Alloys of multinary chalcopyrite compounds allow all kinds of bandgap variations in the absorber film. The system of copper chalcopyrites covers the visible spectrum with a wide range of …
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In this article, high VOC and high FF values of wide-gap chalcopyrite CuGaSe 2 thin-film solar cells are simultaneously demonstrated using an aluminum-induced back-surface field effect.
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Sodium-containing glass, or the deliberate addition of Na to the growth process, was the key for further controlling film growth and free carrier concentration. These developments were mostly …
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Hydrophilic films can be formed on chalcopyrite surface to cover the surface, making surface hydrophilic. ... The adsorption concentration of DMSA on chalcopyrite is 0.29 mg/g, which is much higher than that on molybdenite (0.05 mg/g) after adding 46.67 mg/L of DMSA. In addition, the quantum chemistry results show that the frontier orbital ...
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It was found that Zr and W co-doping of VO2 thin films with ~ 0.3 at% Zr and ~ 0.95 at% W concentration improves luminous transmittance to about 48.4% compared to 40.5 and 26.2% for pristine VO2 ...
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TE properties of binary and ternary film as a function of Cu 0.98 Zn 0.02 FeS 2 mass: (a) electrical conductivity, (b) carrier concentration, (c) carrier mobility, (d) schematic illustration of ...
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Chalcopyrite (CuFeS 2) is the most abundant copper-containing resource in the earth and is also widely distributed in solid wastes and secondary resources.Biohydrometallurgy (bioleaching) is considered as a promising minerals processing and extractive metallurgy technology because of its environmental and economic advantages over the conventional …
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Chalcopyrite B and C are n-type chalcopyrite whose carrier concentrations were low (−1.15E+18 and −4.27E+18 ... First real thin-film solar cells based on chalcopyrite-type absorbers were prepared by Kazmerski also using CuInSe 2 /CdS heterojunctions [6].
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Based on the obtained microphotographs and EDX mappings presented in Figure 5, as well as the influence of increased initial concentrations of sulfuric acid and iron ions on the chalcopyrite dissolution degree, we can conclude that during low-temperature pressure oxidation, the surface is passivated by an elemental sulfur film, thereby limiting ...
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AbstractAluminum‐based chalcopyrite materials have attracted attention because of the wide controllability range of their material properties and potential for use in energy‐conversion devices. Herein, CuAlSe2‐based thin‐film growth and solar cell device properties are discussed. Ternary CuAlSe2 thin films are relatively unstable and decompose weeks after film growth, …
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Aluminum‑based chalcopyrite materials have attracted attention because of the wide controllability range of their material properties and potential for use in energy‑conversion devices. Herein, CuAlSe2‑based thin‑film growth and solar cell device properties are discussed. Ternary CuAlSe2 thin films are relatively unstable and decompose weeks after film growth, …
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The optimized thin film exhibits a plate-like surface morphology and demonstrates p-type semiconducting behavior with a purity of 93% for the CFS chalcopyrite phase. These …
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Herein, a ternary alloy AgInTe 2-based thin film solar cell has been studied for high efficiency.AgInTe 2 (AIT) is one of the I-III-VI 2 triune chalcopyrite mixture which has got a special animus because of its application to photovoltaic solar cells and optical devices [14,15].Some researchers have focused on AgInTe 2 and the majority of which belongs to elastic constants …
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Alkali elements, specifically sodium (Na), are key materials to enhance the energy conversion efficiencies of chalcopyrite and related thin-film photovoltaic solar cells. Recently, the effect of potassium (K) has also attracted attention because elemental K has unique effects different from Na as we …
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This paper reviews the state of the art in using electrodeposition to prepare chalcopyrite absorber layers in thin film solar cells. Most of the studies deal with the direct preparation of Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 films, and show that the introduction of gallium in the films is now becoming possible from single bath containing all the elements. Electrodeposition can also be …
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A survey of the hydrogen concentration distribution in the various layers of chalcopyrite solar cells is presented. Depth profiles were measured by the nuclear reaction analysis method for the ...
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This paper reviews the state of the art in using electrodeposition to prepare chalcopyrite absorber layers in thin film solar cells. Most of the studies deal with the direct preparation of …
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The highest transmittance value is observed for selenium (12%) with band gap energy about 1.52 eV and for the deposited film with sulfur the lower transparency of 9% at 800 nm with band gap energy about 1.46 eV.The higher value of the refractive index (3.5) for films prepared using sulfur as a precursor is attributed to the thickness (1.99 μm ...
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A thin-film solar cell based on a Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) absorber layer deposited by pulsed laser deposition has been fabricated with an Al:ZnO (n-type) window layer and a CdS …
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Cu(In,Ga)Se2-based thin film solar cell devices exhibit metastable electrical behavior. This behavior is often ascribed to intrinsic defects that can change configuration accompanied by large ...
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This concentration is far beyond the net doping concentration in films of about 10 17 cm −3 in the photovoltaic active ... Hariskos D, Kaiser M, Ruckh M, Rühle U, Schock HW (1996) Electrical characterization of Cu(In, Ga)Se 2 chalcopyrite thin films: methods of influencing the effective doping. Cryst Res Technol 31:543. Google Scholar ...
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The alkali [K]/[Na] concentration ratio in the surface region of CuGaSe2 films strongly depends on the film structure and can be controlled by growth parameters under the same substrate ...
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Aluminum-based chalcopyrite materials have attracted attention because of the wide controllability range of their material properties and potential for use in energy-conversion …
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Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS)-based solar cells have received worldwide attention for solar power generation. CIGS solar cells based on chalcopyrite quaternary semiconductor CuIn 1-x GaxSe 2 are one of the leading thin-film photovoltaic technologies owing to highly beneficial properties of its absorber, such as tuneable direct band gap (1.0–1.7 eV), …
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A survey of the hydrogen concentration distribution in the various layers of chalcopyrite solar cells is presented. Depth profiles were measured by the nuclear reaction analysis method for the …
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With a record efficiency of 23.64% achieved in the past year, Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 chalcopyrites are the absorbers of choice for thin-film solar cells. In these devices, the p-type chalcopyrite absorber and the n-type window layer …
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