Dephosphorization experiments in a 200 kg induction furnace showed that using red mud as a flux, under semi-steel conditions ([C] = 2.5~3.0 wt%), reduced the [P] in the melt pool to below 0.02 wt% (initial [P] in hot metal was 0.17 wt%), with a dephosphorization rate of over 90%, fully demonstrating the fluxing effect of red mud in deep ...
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Removal of Phosphorous from Steel Produced by Melting Sponge ... lime and dolomite compositions were determined by the equipment based on X-ray fluorescence technique of make Oxford, model—Lab-X3500. ... dition for dephosphorization is lowest possible temperature [8]. In IMF operation, slag is removed from furnace top. ...
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Aimed to utilize useful components and reduce the environmental impacts, the present study investigated the recycling of steel slag in converter steelmaking. A mathematical model based on the regular solution model was firstly developed to calculate the activities of calcium oxide and ferrous oxide and the substitution ratio of steel slag. The dephosphorization …
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Also in this case, especially with low iron oxide contents in the slag, the phosphorus contents in the steel are reduced by the use of the properly calcined lime. With the use of a properly calcined lime, it is possible to reduce …
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steel research international is a metallurgy journal covering process metallurgy, ... The proper process parameter of dephosphorization is a key problem in actual steelmaking production. ... the importance variables, including oxygen consumption, lime weight, dolomite weight, smelting temperature, and scrap ratio (ratio of scrap weight and hot ...
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A few existing steel slag reduction dephosphorization methods mostly use fossil fuels such as pulverized coal and coke powder as reducing agents, which not only consume non-renewable energy, but also cause significant carbon emissions and increase environmental pressures (Diao et al., 2016; Lin et al., 2014; Ryu et al., 1999; Tian et al., 2012).
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phosphorization efficiency falls significantly without the use of fluo-rine. In converters, in contrast, high oxygen potential is maintained because of oxygen blowing at high speed, and dephosphorization progresses even with slag of low basicity (CaO/SiO 2), and thus the use of fluorine is not absolutely necessary.
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On the basis of thermodynamics and dynamic analysis on dephosphorization in BOF, it showed that bottom-blowing was the main dynamic means to improve dephosphorization efficiency, which could balance the stir of slag-steel interface and dephosphorization temperature control (Rout et al. 2015). Bottom blown furnaces are equipped with many tuyeres ...
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The main uses of dolomite in iron and steel industry are (i) as a fluxing material (ii) for protection of refractory lining, and (iii) as a refractory raw material. Dolomite in iron and steel industry is normally used in three forms.
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The simulation of the basic oxygen steelmaking process was conducted, incorporating transient compositions, temperature, and weight of liquid steel and slag. The simulation utilized a 3-reactor model that considered the thermodynamics of chemical reactions and the kinetic limitations governed by mass transfer. Additionally, the kinetics of scrap …
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Approximately 90% of nearly 15 million tonnes of steel produced in Indian induction furnaces, using DRI as the major feed material and containing phosphorous in the range of 0.08 - 0.11% is used for structural purpose. ... Commercial grade quartzite, limestone/dolomite, soda ash, mill scale, manganese ore etc. 9.
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Also in this case, especially with low iron oxide contents in the slag, the phosphorus contents in the steel are reduced by the use of the properly calcined lime. With the use of a properly calcined lime, it is possible to reduce the lime additions in the converter and thus to have better control of slag and temperatures in the converter.
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concern in the use of steel slags for this purpose. Murphy . ... In dephosphorization slag, Ca3(PO4)2 usually formed a solid solution with Ca2SiO4, so the form of phosphorus in the slag was mainly ...
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There are several methods to remove phosphorus to produce low phosphorus steel. Dephosphorization of hot metal can be performed in ladle, torpedo or preliminary …
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Dolomite for Steel Industry . In addition to being a raw material for the paint industry and iron manufacturing, dolomite also plays a vital role in steel making. Given its acidic nature, the dolomite used in the steel industry must contain less than 1% of silica. Here, it finds use as a fluxing and refractory material.
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The invention provides a dephosphorization and desulfurization method adopted in the steelmaking process of an induction furnace, which is characterized in that the temperature of the molten steel is controlled below 1450°C during the furnace material melting period and the initial stage after complete melting, and lime-iron oxide- The dephosphorization agent composed of …
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A method of making steel by deeply dephosphorization in a hot metal tank and decarburization using semi-steel with nearly zero phosphorus load in a converter includes the following steps: putting an efficient dephosphorization agent into the hot metal tank in advance, and conducting dephosphorization during blast furnace tapping and transportation of blast furnace hot metal …
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The double-slag converter steelmaking process can smelt low- and ultra-low-phosphorus steel and reduce lime and dolomite consumption and the amount of final slag simultaneously. Industrial steelmaking tests on a 150-metric ton converter at the Tangsteel Company were carried out to study this principle and its effect on the dephosphorization ratio and material consumption. …
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Integrated steel plants utilize large amounts of slag former such as lime and dolomite to produce steel. During the production of steel, 2–4 t of wastes are being generated per tonne of steel produced (Das et al., 2007).The various solids wastes exist in the form of slags, sludges, dusts, mill scales, etc. Amongst the numerous solid wastes, steel slag is a byproduct of …
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There are several methods to remove phosphorus to produce low phosphorus steel. Dephosphorization of hot metal can be performed in ladle, torpedo or preliminary converter[I-6). Usually, phosphorus can be reduced to a level of O. 02 % in the hot metal. ... iron ore and burnt dolomite. The blowing of oxygen was continued until the point of ...
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The proper process parameter of dephosphorization is a key problem in actual steelmaking production. This article presents a rule set model combining a k-means method and a decision tree model, which can extract the rule set from the actual production data to optimize the dephosphorization process. ... including oxygen consumption, lime weight ...
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Dolomite Powder for Steel Industry. Dolomite is a mineral with a specific gravity of 2.8 to 2.9 and a Mohs hardness of 3.5 to 4. Minerals can have any color, including colorless, white, pink, green, grey, brown, or black. ... top-blown converters mainly use lump lime. Dephosphorization and desulfurization are encouraged by the large specific ...
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Dephosphorization by Double-Slag Process in Converter ... The double-slag converter steelmaking process can smelt low- and ultra-low-phosphorus steel and reduce lime and …
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In order to produce stainless steel with low phosphorous content below 0.01 %, experiments were carried out to find optimum conditions for the dephosphorization by metallic Ca and CaC2. The results are summarized as follows : (1) Dephosphorization by metallic Ca …
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The reaction rate of dephosphorization at the slag–steel interface is extremely fast following the formation of slag, and the reaction rate-determining step corresponds to mass transfer on slag–steel interface. If molten iron temperature is excessively high, the distribution coefficient of phosphorus between slag and iron is extremely low. ...
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molten steel with the elapse of time obtained by the three dephosphorization methods are shown in Fig. 5, compared with each other. These results are ob-tained by the use of 13Cr5Ni steel. From these results, it is suggested that the initial dephosphorization rate increases approximately
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Recovery of Mn in steel making process depends on various processing parameters such as temperature, flow rate ratio of oxygen and argon gas in AOD process, carbon content, slag basicity, and V ...
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Dephosphorization of steels has become a very important metallurgical technique in steelmaking process to produce high quality steels. As the P content is controlled by the reactions in BOF, the double slag technique …
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