Direct Nickel Process
Get continuous production of high-grade nickel matte with low iron content with 's Outotec process for Direct Nickel Flash Smelting. When coupled with our slag cleaning process, nickel …
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State of the art in nickel smelting: direct Outokumpu nickel …
In the DON process, high grade nickel matte of low iron content is produced in the flash smelting furnace directly without subsequent converting. The metal values in the smelting …
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Processing of PGM containing Ni/Cu bulk concentrates in a …
Equilibrium fluxing chemistry and metal value distributions of nickel matte smelting in the one-step direct nickel matte technology have been determined experimentally at 1350–1450°C in MgO ...
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OUTOTEC SMELTING SOLUTIONS FOR THE PGM …
Outotec Flash Smelting Process The Outotec Direct Nickel Flash Smelting Process was first implemented at Harjavalta Smelter in Finland. Simultaneously with the adoption of the new process, the nickel production was doubled. The entire target of the project was to improve the profitability, cut sulphur dioxide emissions, improve the
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Process steps during the pyrometallurgical processing of nickel …
Download scientific diagram | Process steps during the pyrometallurgical processing of nickel sulfide concentrates to produce nickel converter matte via flash smelting or the roastingelectric ...
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A simplified flowchart of nickel flash smelting (DON) and slag
Download scientific diagram | A simplified flowchart of nickel flash smelting (DON) and slag cleaning. The box drawn with dashed lines indicates the focus area of this study. In this work, coke ...
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Interactions of sulfur-containing gas with magnesia-chromite …
Magnesia-chromite spinel-based refractories are utilized in copper and nickel flash smelting furnaces due to their excellent durability against heat, thermal shocks, and melt erosion forces as well as high resistance against slags with different basicities [[2], [3], [4]].The studied material belongs to the magnesia-chromite refractory family, which relies on the use of …
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Flash Smelting-Flash Converting Process Flow Sheet.
Since the first industrial application in 1940s, flash smelting has been developed for other applications than copper matte smelting, including the oxygen enriched smelting, continuous converting ...
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Flash Smelting Process
2.3.1.2.2 Direct Smelting-Reduction Processes. Currently, the most important direct smelting technologies for the production of lead are the KIVCET, the QSL, and the Isasmelt/Ausmelt processes. ... This process is based on the well-established flash smelting concept for copper and nickel sulfides and produces high-lead slag and molten lead. The ...
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COPPER PRODUCTION WITH OUTOKUMPU FLASH SMELTING…
For rich copper concentrates the feasibility of Outokumpu Direct Blister Flash smelting is, understandably, beyond compare. ... to Nickel smelting as the same capacity of copper could be ...
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State of the art in nickel smelting: direct Outokumpu nickel …
Experience of the direct Outokumpu nickel (DON) smelting process gained over the first ten years of operation is reviewed, including the significant environmental impacts. In 1995, production capac...
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Flash Smelting Process
's Outotec process for Flash Smelting is one of the world's most commonly used processes for the production of primary copper and nickel. The process is based on our flash smelting principle, which utilizes the internal energy of the feed material for smelting, minimizing the need for external fuel and making the process very energy ...
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Hydrometallurgical nickel and cobalt plants and processes
centrator, sulfuric acid, and pyrometallurgical plants and processes, such as flash smelt-ing, direct flash smelting and converting (DON), Ausmelt nickel smelting and converting, and slag cleaning furnaces. Our unique technology solutions include laboratory testing, engineering and delivering
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THE STATE OF THE ART IN NICKEL SMELTING: DIRECT OUTOKUMPU NICKEL
V Salmi and T Jokinen, "Direct flash smelting of high-grade nickel matte at the Harjavalta smelters" (Paper presented at 8 th International Flash Smelting Congress, Tucson and Salt Lake City (USA ...
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Flash smelting and converting furnaces: A 50 year retrospect
I.V. Kojo, T. Mäkinen, and P. Hanniala, " Direct Outo-kumpu Nickel Flash Smelting Process—DON—High Metal Recoveries with Minimum Emissions " (Paper presented at the CIM Conference, Sudbury ...
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Ignition and combustion of synthetic nickel mattes in simulated …
In the flash smelting (FS) process, dried nickel concentrates mixed with flux and oxygen-enriched air are introduced into the reaction shaft (RS) through a concentrate burner …
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Flash converting
The process itself is proven, as its features are similar to those in FSF, Direct-to-Blister and Direct Outotec Nickel Flash Smelting (DON), with one significant difference: it is the easiest of ...
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ISASMELT™ TSL – MAKING A SPLASH FOR NICKEL
A recent survey of worldwide nickel sulfide smelters [3] revealed that flash smelting accounted for approximately 70% of output of the nickel sulfide smelters in 2004 with electric furnace smelting ... The direct nickel ISASMELT™ process is similar to the Direct Outokumpu Nickel (DON) process where the metal values in the smelting slag are ...
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(PDF) Phase chemical composition of slag from a direct nickel flash
Industrial nickel slag from the direct Outotec nickel flash smelting (DON) process was mixed with both synthetic and industrial battery scrap. The end products of the slag-scrap mixtures after ...
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Outotec Flash Smelting Technology
and environmental impact. Direct Blister Flash Smelting is a natural choice for higher-grade copper concentrates due to its lower capital investment costs. Outotec Direct Nickel Flash Smelting (DON) This process enables high-grade nickel matte to be produced using a single flash smelting furnace. It allows higher recovery
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Processing of PGM containing Ni/Cu bulk concentrates in a
Producing bulk concentrates and treating them by Outotec Direct Nickel Flash Smelting (DON) to matte and then hydrometallurgical refining, offers a reliable route from concentrate to product.
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Outotec Flash Smelting Technology
Our proven Flash Smelting technology is the cleanest and most eficient smelting method for the production of copper and nickel from sulfide concentrates. Suitable for both new and existing …
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Review of Boliden Harjavalta Nickel Smelter: Proceedings of the …
Conventional flash smelting requires a matte-converting stage, as in EF smelting(Fig. 23), whereas in the direct Outokumpu nickel (DON) process, used for instance at Harjavalta, the concentrate is ...
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PGM containing Ni/Cu bulk concentrates in a sustainable …
Outotec Direct Nickel Flash Smelting Process 50% of the world armual primary Ni-production from sulfide raw materials is processed by Outotec Flash Smelting technology. The original concept ofNi flash smelting was in operation in Hat:iavalta but since 1995 (Boliden) Hat:iavalta has utilized the DON technology. The same
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State of the art in nickel smelting: Direct Outokumpu nickel technology
Industrial nickel slag from the direct Outotec nickel flash smelting (DON) process was mixed with both synthetic and industrial battery scrap. The end products of the slag-scrap mixtures after ...
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nickel flash smelting
Explore the properties of Nickel (Ni), its compounds, and the process of Nickel Flash Smelting technology. Learn about the production of nickel, its commercial classes, and how it's …
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Review of copper pyrometallurgical practice: today and tomorrow
It is noteworthy that Outokumpu Oyj sold its first flash-smelting licence to the Co. Ltd. at Ashio, Japan in 1956 after installing two units at its Harjavalta smelter in Finland during 1949 for the copper and nickel smelting circuits.
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Oxygen pressure in the Outokumpu flash smelting furnace—Part …
Oxygen-activity measurements and sampling for chemical assay were carried out in a nickel flash smelting furnace and slag-cleaning electric furnace during industrial operation. ... The Direct Outokumpu Nickel smelting (DON) process and the Harjavalta expansion. In Grimsey E. and Neuss I. eds Nickel '96 (Carlton South, Australia: Aus.IMM, 1996 ...
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Flash Smelting and Converting Furnaces: A 50 Year Retrospect
matte,5–8 flash smelting of sulfidic raw material directly into blister copper, 2,9–11 flash smelting of nickel concentrates,12 direct Outokumpu nickel (DON) for nickel concentrates, 13 and elemental sul-fur production from pyrites. 14 Lead flash smelting has also been developed and is ready for commercialization.15 A considerable step ...
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Ignition and combustion of synthetic nickel mattes in simulated flash
Nowadays, approximately 90 % of the world's production of nickel is based on pyrometallurgical processes, among which Outotec (originally Outokumpu) flash smelting together with Outotec Direct Nickel (DON) technology are the prevailing methods, accounting for more than 50 % of global nickel matte smelting capacity (Mäkinen and ...
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OUTOTEC SMELTING SOLUTIONS FOR THE PGM …
In the Direct Outotec Nickel Flash Smelting Process, converting is not needed, thus there is no ladle transportation of molten materials, bringing considerable advantage from the …
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OTE Outotec Flash Smelting Technology Eng Web
OUTOTEC FLASH SMELTING. TECHNOLOGY Our proven Flash Smelting technology is the cleanest and most efficient smelting method for the production of copper and nickel from BENEFITS Low investment and operating costs sulfide concentrates. Suitable for both new Capable of handling different raw and existing smelter operations, it guarantees materials and …
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(PDF) Reaction Sequences in Flash Smelting and
Flash smelting and flash converting are mature technologies in copper and nickel sulfide smelting. The sensitivity of operation concerning the furnace design is evident.
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State of the art in nickel smelting: direct Outokumpu nickel technology
Experience of the direct Outokumpu nickel (DON) smelting process gained over the first ten years of operation is reviewed, including the significant environmental impacts. In 1995, production capacity at Harjavalta was increased from 17 000 to 52 000 t/year, by introducing DON technology, additional refinery capacity being based on hydrogen ...
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073
Outotec Flash Smelting Technology
and environmental impact. Direct Blister Flash Smelting is a natural choice for higher-grade copper concentrates due to its lower capital investment costs. Direct Nickel Flash Smelting (DON) This process enables high-grade nickel matte to be produced using a single flash smelting furnace. It allows higher recovery
WhatsApp: +86 18221755073