The ballast used on branch lines, in yards, and on industrial spurs may be broken stone and/or slag, but more often it's cheaper materials like gravel, cinders, sand, and chats (waste from lead-zinc mining).
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copper slag using high-temperature reduction smelting and investigate utilization of by-products as reformed slag and furnace ash containing zinc. The by-products as the furnace ash containing zinc and reformed slag give additional value to the recycling which recovery of zinc and preparation of value added products like a cement and concrete. 2.
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These observations imply that the use of steel slag ballast (SSB) can potentially reduce the track maintenance costs owing to lower settlement and breakage, enhance the …
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About 160 thousand tons of steel slag was used as railroad ballast in the year 1994 in the USA [7]. But in India, the use of steel slag as a railway construction material is very limited. However, some studies [8–10] are found which recommends the use of Indian steel slag as ballast material. Some researchers have performed the triaxial test ...
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specifications for the railroad ballast and to compare them with ballast specifications forhigher and high speed rail (HSR), (2) to assess the current aggregate sources in Michigan for HSR ... blast furnace slag, steel slag and sand & gravel deposits. Only the carbonate and igneous and metamorphic deposits were considered in this study.
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Here in the boonies of Western Indiana where the NS runs, slag is found in older ballast all the time. (Late 1990's era ballast is still in use here). It is mixed with limestone and some basalt I believe. I think that as the need for new ballast comes around, NS is just using just a plain granite for the ballast, and covering up the slag mix ...
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The selection criteria for ballast materials are compared and test methods for ballast quality quantification are summarised. Next, ballast parent rock types and the implications of mining …
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the U.S. Geological Survey, in 2011 less than 6.6 % of BFS was used for railroad ballast application, while road construction consumes around the 40%. In Canada, specific norms regulate the use of slag in railway applications, namely the Canadian national railways (CNR) Specification 12–22, Slag ballast. On the other
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This paper focuses on the physical and chemical weathering effects of the industrial byproduct Linz–Donawitz (LD) slag as a ballast material. For this purpose, 75 …
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In this study, the cyclic behavior of steel slag ballast materials mixed with tire-derived aggregate (TDA) is experimentally investigated. To this end, a series of ballast box tests are carried out to investigate the behavior of different mixtures of TDA-slag ballast materials with similar gradation to American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association …
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Mainline ballast is normally a crushed rock, typically limestone, granite or trap rock, that is in the 2" size. Ballast for concrete ties may be a bit larger, 2-3" size. Ballast in yards or subgrade may be smaller, 1" or so and …
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Not any kind of stone is suitable for use as ballast. The ballast used in the railway mainly consists of crushed stone, crushed slag, improved gravel, etc. Among them, the improved gravel is generally not used except for branch lines or station lines with minimal volume. The most widely used are broken rocks such as Igneous Rock and Hard Limestone.
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Therefore an attempt has been made to use steel slag as the subballast material in the present work. The objective of this study is to assess the strength and stiffness, leaching behavior, and mineralogical characteristics of the cement-stabilized steel slag (CSS) as a subballast layer and its implications in the design methodology.
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Tajabadipour et al. also examined the dynamic and mechanical behavior of mixtures of steel slag ballast and waste rubber tires (in the form of WTR strips) in a laboratory study. ... (e.g., mercury, lead, copper, zinc) and remove harmful chemicals. This environmental impact makes TDA a sustainable and safe alternative in civil engineering ...
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SSA is widely used in asphalt aggregate, cement, agriculture amendment, railroad, road base, and gabions [9, 16].So far, SSAs have a high proportion of road construction by 67% [].In the current study, the application of steel slag was considered as a substitution of mineral aggregates in the ballast layer.
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In today's railroad industry the use of ballast, its application, and purpose has changed little since it was first employed. It will likely always remain an important component as a part of the track structure. ... In years past …
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Railroad ballast asphalt . Railway ballast gluing . Steel slag ballast . ABSTRACT . The properties of railway ballast material are affected by the local geologies and climatic environments from .
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Dhoble et al. reviewed the application of steel slag in bituminous mixes, cement ingredient and as concrete aggregate, antiskid aggregate, and railroad ballast. It is proposed to use slow cooled steel slag in the railroad ballast [20]. Oluwasola et al. studied the application and characteristics of steel slag.
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Railroad ballast consists of a layer of coarse, granular material positioned beneath and around railroad tracks. Its main purpose is to uphold the tracks and maintain their position when trains travel over them. ... 3- Slag: Slag, a by-product of the steelmaking process, is also used as ballast. It has similar properties to crushed stone but ...
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The steel slag has huge potential to be used in Indian Railways as a ballast material. Steel slag ballast provide high drainage because of its high percentage of void space and exhibits high ...
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industry slag could be excellent ballast material in several aspects: (1) higher durability than the quality standards, (2) cost effectiveness of sustainability and maintenance, and (3) minimum …
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Steel Slag Aggregate Characteristics Evaluation as Railway Ballast Guoqing Jing, Peyman Aela, Qiang Zhou, and Wenli Jia Abstract The use of recycled materials is a new tendency in the field of railway engineering. Steel slag aggregates (SSA) are one of the recycled materials derived from the steel industry.
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It demonstrates that the stockpiled BOF slag possesses sufficient density to prevent floating in a zinc chloride solution with a specific gravity of 2.0. ... and S. Patra, "Behaviour of steel slag ballast for railway under cyclic loading," in Geotechnical Characterization and Modelling: Proceedings of IGC 2018, 2020, pp. 709-722: Springer ...
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With the rapid increase in the demand of rail transportation, the construction of new railway tracks and the proper maintenance of existing tracks are necessary. This places an additional demand on the requirement of ballast, which is generally sourced from local quarries. With a view to reduce the use of natural resources, the use of steel slag (SS) has been considered as a …
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Over the last few years, use of steel slag ballast as an appropriate material instead of conventional stone ballast has gotten more attention by railway owners in various countries. In …
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> Railroad Ballast from TMS International Slag FIELD-PROVEN BY THE NATION'S LEADING RAILROADS Steel slag ballast has characteristics desirable in mainline ballast, field-proven …
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Zinc. Lead-zinc. Tin Slag. Chromium. Magnesium. Lithium. Tungsten. Boiler. Phosphate-gypsum. Water Quenched . Bottom Ash. Salt. Incinerator. Coal Gassification • Asphalt Concrete Aggregate • Pavement Subbase And Base Aggregate • Portland Cement Concrete Aggregate • …
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SFS-Rail is made of recycled aggregates from electric arc furnace slag aimed to be used in subgrade and subballast layers and that offers excellent physical and mechanical properties. …
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Railway lines require a significant amount of natural raw materials. Industrial by-products can be used instead, reducing the costs of natural aggregate exploration. This work analyzes a ballasted track's short- and long-term performances when replacing conventional sub-ballast aggregate with steel slag. After an extensive laboratory characterization of the steel …
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concrete aggregate, antiskid aggregate, and railroad ballast. It is proposed to use slow cooled steel slag in the railroad ballast [20]. Oluwasola et al. studied the application and characteristics of steel slag. The main chemical composition of steel slag consisted of CaO, Si 2, MgO and etc.
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Top quality manufacturers serving Minnesota MN have been highlighted in this comprehensive source of industrial information. A broad range of SLAG: RAILROAD BALLAST, ROAD-MAKING, CONCRETE AGGREGATE manufacturers has been compiled in this industrial directory designed to provide information on leading, quality oriented manufacturers serving Minnesota MN.
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A high content of zinc 1244 mg⋅kg −1 was recorded at the car wash in Iława (Malawska and Wiołkomirski, 2001; Suska-Malawska and Wiłkomirski, 2000). It was noticed that, the amount of heavy metal contamination at railway lines decreased as the distance from the track increased. ... the shape of LD slag ballast and its particle size ...
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The material has the potential for use as railway ballast. It is important to make sure several key performances in field to convince the railway agencies for further application. ... The dynamic displacement under moving train also justified the appropriateness of applying steel slag in railway ballast. Taylor & Francis Group Logo. Policies ...
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